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INTRODUCTION OF SURVEYING |
Defination:
Surveying is the art
and science of determining the relative position of various points on the
surface or near of the earth by measuring the horizontal and vertical distances
and locating the points on field.
Use
Of Surveying:
·
To prepare a Cadastral Map which shows
the boundaries of plots, houses, field and other properties.
·
To help military critical planning, military maps are prepared by
surveying.
·
Maps prepared for marking boundaries of
countries, states, districts etc., avoid conflict.
To prepare Military Maps, Geological Maps, Archeological Maps etc
·
Engineering map showing the position of
engineering works like highway, railways, buildings, dams, other
structure. are prepared through surveying.
·
For planning and estimating project
works like bridges, railways, highway,
and waste water disposal surveying is required.
·
To set out works and transfer details
from the work on the ground.
·
To prepare an archeological map
including places where ancient relics exist.
·
Astronomical survey helps in the study
of movements of planets and for calculating local and standard times.
vist to more interveiw question
10 CIVIL ENGINEERING BASIC INTERVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSClassification
Of Surveying:
Two general
classification of surveying :
1.
Plane Surveying
2.
Geodetic Surveying
Types
Of Surveying:
Types of surveying
based on instrument:
o
Chain Survey
o
Compass Survey
o
Chain And Compass Survey
o
Leveling
o
Plane Table Surveying
o
Theodolite
o
Tachecmetry
o
Photogrametry
o
EMD
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| Types Of Surveying |
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Based
On Place Of Survey :
o
Land Survey
o
Topographical Survey
o
Cadastral Survey
o
Underground Survey
o
Mine Surveys
o
Astronomic Surveys
o
City Survey
o
Construction Surveys
o
Hydrographical Survey
o
Aerial Survey
Based
On Purpose Of Survey :
o
Engineering Survey
o
Defence Survey
o
Geological Survey
o
Geographical Survey
o
Route Survey
o
Control Survey
o
Location Survey
o
Based On Methods Of Surveying
o
Triangulation Surveying
o
Traversing
Ø Open
Traversing
Ø Closed
Traversing
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Fundamental
Principles Of Surveying
there are two basic principles of
servings
1. 1- always work from whole to the part
2. 2- to create a new station by at least two
measurements linear or angular from fixed reference point.
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